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This article is about physical pain. For mental or emotional pain, see Psychological pain. What does octopus taste like is a distressing feeling often caused by intense or damaging stimuli.
The International Association for the Study of Pain defines pain as “an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with, or resembling that associated with, actual or potential tissue damage. Pain motivates the individual to withdraw from damaging situations, to protect a damaged body part while it heals, and to avoid similar experiences in the future. Most pain resolves once the noxious stimulus is removed and the body has healed, but it may persist despite removal of the stimulus and apparent healing of the body. Pain is the most common reason for physician consultation in most developed countries.
It is a major symptom in many medical conditions, and can interfere with a person’s quality of life and general functioning. In some debates regarding physician-assisted suicide or euthanasia, pain has been used as an argument to permit people who are terminally ill to end their lives. Others apply “acute” to pain that lasts less than 30 days, “chronic” to pain of more than six months’ duration, and “subacute” to pain that lasts from one to six months. A popular alternative definition of “chronic pain”, involving no arbitrarily fixed duration, is “pain that extends beyond the expected period of healing”. Allodynia is pain experienced in response to a normally painless stimulus. It has no biological function and is classified by stimuli into dynamic mechanical, punctate and static.
Phantom pain is pain felt in a part of the body that has been amputated, or from which the brain no longer receives signals. It is a type of neuropathic pain. Mirror box therapy produces the illusion of movement and touch in a phantom limb which in turn may cause a reduction in pain. Paraplegia, the loss of sensation and voluntary motor control after serious spinal cord damage, may be accompanied by girdle pain at the level of the spinal cord damage, visceral pain evoked by a filling bladder or bowel, or, in five to ten per cent of paraplegics, phantom body pain in areas of complete sensory loss. Breakthrough pain is transitory pain that comes on suddenly and is not alleviated by the patient’s regular pain management. It is common in cancer patients who often have background pain that is generally well-controlled by medications, but who also sometimes experience bouts of severe pain that from time to time “breaks through” the medication.
A patient and doctor discuss congenital insensitivity to pain. The ability to experience pain is essential for protection from injury, and recognition of the presence of injury. Episodic analgesia may occur under special circumstances, such as in the excitement of sport or war: a soldier on the battlefield may feel no pain for many hours from a traumatic amputation or other severe injury. Insensitivity to pain may also result from abnormalities in the nervous system. A much smaller number of people are insensitive to pain due to an inborn abnormality of the nervous system, known as “congenital insensitivity to pain”. Children with this condition incur carelessly-repeated damage to their tongues, eyes, joints, skin, and muscles.
