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For the Pakistani militant group, see Haji Namdar Group. Saudi government religious authority charged with implementing the Islamic doctrine of hisbah. The name of the committee has also been translated as Committee for the Propagation of Virtue and the Elimination of Sin, abbreviated CAVES. The committee’s rationale is based on the classical Islamic doctrine of hisba, which is associated with the Quranic injunction of enjoining good and forbidding wrong, and refers to the duty of Muslims to promote moral rectitude and intervene when another Muslim is acting wrongly. Mutawwiin have served as missionaries, as enforcers of public morals, and as `public ministers of the religion` who preach in the Friday mosque.
Robert Lacey describes them as “vigilantes”. The righteous of every neighbourhood banded themselves together into societies for the Promotion of Virtue and the Prevention of Vice. Under the third Saudi state, the most zealous followers of Ibn Sa’ud were appointed as muhtasibs. A foreign visitor reported that in Riyāḍ in 1922-23 flogging was “commonly” administered for “smoking, non-attendance at prayer and other such offenses”. Evidence that enforcement could “swing from a soft line to hard one and back again” comes from reports from Jeddah in early 1930, and summer of 1932, during a temporary move away from Wahhabi puritanism by King Ibn Saud early in his reign. In 1976 the two formerly mutually independent directories in the Hijaz and Najd were united under an official of ministerial rank, acting under direct royal command, and, the Al al-Sheikh director of the committee gained a seat on the Saudi cabinet, strengthening its prestige.
They were still, however, “essentially volunteers engaged in their own variety of social work. In 2002, the deaths of 15 young girls in 2002 in Mecca after the mutaween’s refused to let them leave a burning school was widely publicized and damaged the mutaween’s image. Beginning of restrictions on power In May 2006 it was announced that the committee would no longer be allowed to interrogate those it arrests for behavior deemed un-Islamic. Prior to this, commission members enjoyed almost total power to arrest, detain, and interrogate those suspected of violating the Sharia. In May 2006 the Interior Ministry issued a decree stating that “the role of the commission will end after it arrests the culprit or culprits and hands them over to police, who will then decide whether to refer them to the public prosecutor. In August of that year Time magazine ran a report about the mutaween. It noted that “a campaign using text messages sent to mobile phones is calling on a million Saudis to declare that ‘2007 is the year of liberation.
Despite statements of reform, the mutaween turned down Time’s request for interviews. In 2009, the committee created and formalized a special “Anti-Witchcraft Unit” to “educate the public about the evils of sorcery, investigate alleged witches, neutralize their cursed paraphernalia, and disarm their spells”. The unit also had a hotline on the committee website for Saudis to report any magic to local officials. At the beginning of October 2012, during the Arab Spring, Abdul Latif Abdul Aziz Al-Sheikh announced that the powers of the mutawiyin would be significantly restricted. They will be barred from making arrests, conducting interrogations, or carrying out searches without a warrant from the local governor.
They will no longer stand at the entrances of shopping malls to keep women out who do not adhere to the Wahhabi dress code or who are not accompanied by “approved” men—husbands, siblings, or parents. Community volunteers”, who were the original mutaween, were forbidden from joining Hai’a men on their rounds and pursuing, chastising, and interrogating miscreants, as “a religious duty”. Field officers were also ordered to “approach people with a smile,” and forbidden from using their “private e-mails, cellphones, or social media accounts to receive and act on anonymous tips. In January 2012, Abdul Latif Abdul Aziz al-Sheikh was appointed head of the mutaween. He “holds the rank of cabinet minister and reports directly to the king”. His agency employs more than 4,000 “field officers” and reportedly has another 10,000 administrative personnel. They destroyed musical instruments, raided beauty salons, shaved heads, whipped people, burnt books, and continued being unchecked — until an unexpected decision came out on April 11, 2016.
