Top rated pressure cooker
On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. This article is about the toy. A spinning top rated pressure cooker, or simply a top, is a toy with a squat body and a sharp point at the bottom, designed to be spun on its vertical axis, balancing on the tip due to the gyroscopic effect.
Once set in motion, a top will usually wobble for a few seconds, spin upright for a while, then start to wobble again with increasing amplitude as it loses energy, and finally tip over and roll on its side. Tops exist in many variations and materials, chiefly wood, metal, and plastic, often with a metal tip. Such toys have been used since antiquity in solitary or competitive games, where each player tries to keep one’s top spinning for as long as possible, or achieve some other goal. The ubiquity of spinning tops lends to the fact that the toy is used to name many living things such as Cyclosa turbinata, whose name comes from the Latin roots for spinning top. The top is one of the oldest recognizable toys found on archaeological sites. Spinning tops originated independently in cultures all over the world.
Tops were used as toys in ancient Rome. Besides toys, tops have also historically been used for gambling and prophecy. Maxwell took this a step further by using a circular scale around the rim with which to measure the ratios of the primaries, choosing vermilion, emerald, and ultramarine. Smaller tops have a short stem, and are set in motion by twirling it using the fingers. A thumbtack may also be made to spin on its tip in the same way.
A typical fist-sized model, traditionally made of wood with a blunt iron tip, is meant to be set in motion by briskly pulling a string or rope tightly coiled around the body. The rope is best wound starting near the tip and progressing up along the widening body, so that the tension of the string will remain roughly constant while the top’s angular speed increases. These tops may be thrown forward while firmly grasping the end of the string and pulling it back. The forward momentum of the top contributes to the string’s tension and thus to the final spin rate. In some throwing styles, the top is thrown upside-down, but the first loop of the rope is wound around a stubby “head”. Then, the sudden yank on the head as the string finishes unwinding causes the spinning top to flip over and land on its tip. Alternatively, tops of this class may be started by hand but then accelerated and kept in motion by striking them repeatedly with a small whip.
Some modern tops are kept perpetually in motion by spinning magnetic fields from a special ground plate. Gould classifies tops into six main types: twirler, supported top, peg-top, whip-top, buzzer, and yo-yo. Gaming and other tops Dreidel, traditionally played during the Jewish holiday of Hanukkah. Perinola, a six-sided top, very similar to the dreidel, that is used for a similar game in Latin America. Modern tops have several sophisticated improvements, such as ball bearings of ruby or a hard ceramic like tungsten carbide, that reduces the friction with the ground surface. Functional art tops have become collectibles built using varied techniques in metal-working, glass-working, and wood-working. The motion of a top is described by equations of rigid body dynamics, specifically the theory of rotating rigid bodies.
Because of the small contact area between the tip and the underlying surface, and the large rotational inertia of its body, a top that is started on a hard surface will usually keep spinning for tens of seconds or more, even without additional energy input. Typically the top will at first wobble until friction and torque between the tip and the underlying surface force it to spin with the axis steady and upright. The total spinning time of a top is generally increased by increasing its moment of inertia and lowering its center of gravity. These variables however are constrained by the need to prevent the body from touching the ground. Asymmetric tops of virtually any shape can also be created and designed to balance. There are many official competitions for top spinning as a sport, such as the U.
National Championships and the World Championships. During the Covid-19 pandemic contests are often held on-line, with contestants submitting videos. The Jean Shepherd story “Scut Farkas and the Murderous Mariah” revolves around top-spinning in the fictional Depression-era American city of Hohman, Indiana. The bully and the named top in the title are challenged by Shepherd’s ongoing protagonist Ralph and a so-called “gypsy top” of similar design to Mariah named Wolf. The Top is a short story by bohemian writer Franz Kafka. In the final shot, the camera moves over the spinning top just before it appears to be wobbling. In 2022, an Armenian-styled spinning top, with the slong “Spin the Magic”, was chosen as the theme art and the main motif for the 20th edition of Junior Eurovision Song Contest, which will be held in Yerevan, Armenia.
