Pastel de mariposa
On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. This article is pastel de mariposa the art medium.
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Leon Dabo, Flowers in a Green Vase, c. Pastel sticks or crayons consist of powdered pigment combined with a binder. The exact composition and characteristics of an individual pastel stick depend on the type of pastel and the type and amount of binder used. It also varies by individual manufacturer. Dry pastels have historically used binders such as gum arabic and gum tragacanth.
Methyl cellulose was introduced as a binder in the twentieth century. Often a chalk or gypsum component is present. Soft pastels: This is the most widely used form of pastel. The sticks have a higher portion of pigment and less binder. The drawing can be readily smudged and blended, but it results in a higher proportion of dust.
A 21st-century invention, pan pastels can be used for the entire painting or in combination with soft and hard sticks. Hard pastels: These have a higher portion of binder and less pigment, producing a sharp drawing material that is useful for fine details. These can be used with other pastels for drawing outlines and adding accents. Hard pastels are traditionally used to create the preliminary sketching out of a composition. Pastel pencils: These are pencils with a pastel lead.
They are useful for adding fine details. Oil pastels: These have a soft, buttery consistency and intense colors. They are dense and fill the grain of paper and are slightly more difficult to blend than soft pastels, but do not require a fixative. They may be spread across the work surface by thinning with turpentine. Water-soluble pastels: These are similar to soft pastels, but contain a water-soluble component, such as Polyethylene glycol. This allows the colors to be thinned out to an even, semi-transparent consistency using a water wash.
Water-soluble pastels are made in a restricted range of hues in strong colors. There has been some debate within art societies as to what exactly counts as a pastel. Pastels, including Oil pastel, Charcoal, Pencil, Conté, Sanguine, or any dry media”. The emphasis appears to be on “dry media” but the debate continues. In order to create hard and soft pastels, pigments are ground into a paste with water and a gum binder and then rolled, pressed or extruded into sticks. The French word pastel first appeared in 1662. Most brands produce gradations of a color, the original pigment of which tends to be dark, from pure pigment to near-white by mixing in differing quantities of chalk.
This mixing of pigments with chalks is the origin of the word “pastel” in reference to “pale color” as it is commonly used in cosmetic and fashion venues. A pastel is made by letting the sticks move over an abrasive ground, leaving color on the grain of the painting surface. Pastel supports need to provide a “tooth” for the pastel to adhere and hold the pigment in place. Pastels can be used to produce a permanent painting if the artist meets appropriate archival considerations. Only pastels with lightfast pigments are used. As it is not protected by a binder the pigment in pastels is especially vulnerable to light.
