Ojibwe bannock recipe

Ojibwe bannock recipe this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. This article contains Canadian Aboriginal syllabic characters.

Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of syllabics. Ojibwemowin is a relatively healthy indigenous language. The Waadookodaading Ojibwe Language Immersion School teaches all classes to children in Ojibwe only. The Algonquian language family of which Ojibwemowin is a member is itself a member of the Algic language family, other Algic languages being Wiyot and Yurok. Other local terms are listed in Ojibwe dialects. English terms include Ojibwe, with variants including Ojibwa and Ojibway. Ojibwe and Potawatomi are frequently viewed as being more closely related to each other than to other Algonquian languages.

The Central languages share a significant number of common features. Potawatomi subgroup is similarly open to question, but cannot be evaluated without more information on Potawatomi dialects. Current census data indicate that all varieties of Ojibwe are spoken by approximately 56,531 people. This figure reflects census data from the 2000 United States Census and the 2006 Canadian census. The Red Lake, White Earth, and Leech Lake reservations are known for their tradition of singing hymns in the Ojibwe language. Because the dialects of Ojibwe are at least partly mutually intelligible, Ojibwe is usually considered to be a single language with a number of dialects, i.

Ojibwe is ” conventionally regarded as a single language consisting of a continuum of dialectal varieties since  every dialect is at least partly intelligible to the speakers of the neighboring dialects. Two recent analyses of the relationships between the Ojibwe dialects are in agreement on the assignment of the strongly differentiated Ottawa dialect to a separate subgroup, and the assignment of Severn Ojibwe and Algonquin to another subgroup, and differ primarily with respect to the relationships between the less strongly differentiated dialects. A sign at Lakehead University in English and Ojibwe. Several different Ojibwe dialects have functioned as lingua franca or trade languages in the circum-Great Lakes area, particularly in interactions with speakers of other Algonquian languages.

A trade language is “a language customarily used for communication between speakers of different languages, even though it may be that neither speaker has the trade language as his dominant language” although “there is a relatively high degree of bilingualism involving the trade language. In the area east of Georgian Bay, the Nipissing dialect was a trade language. Reports from traders and travellers as early as 1744 indicate that speakers of Menominee, another Algonquian language, used Ojibwe as a lingua franca. Michif is a mixed language that primarily is based upon French and Plains Cree, with some vocabulary from Ojibwe, in addition to phonological influence in Michif-speaking communities where there is a significant Ojibwe influence.

Ojibwe borrowings have been noted in Menominee, a related Algonquian language. Bungi Creole is an English-based Creole language spoken in Manitoba by the descendants of “English, Scottish, and Orkney fur traders and their Cree or Saulteaux wives “. Cree equivalent, but whether there is any other Ojibwe component in Bungee is not documented. All dialects of Ojibwe generally have an inventory of 17 consonants. Some dialects have both segments phonetically, but only one is present in phonological representations.

Obstruent consonants are divided into lenis and fortis sets, with these features having varying phonological analyses and phonetic realizations cross-dialectally. Algonquin Ojibwe is reported as distinguishing fortis and lenis consonants on the basis of voicing, with fortis being voiceless and lenis being voiced. Lenis consonants have normal duration and are typically voiced intervocalically. Although they may be devoiced at the end or beginning of a word, they are less vigorously articulated than fortis consonants, and are invariably unaspirated.

In the double vowel system, lenis consonants are written with voiced symbols: b, d, g, j, z, zh. All dialects of Ojibwe have seven oral vowels. Vowel length is phonologically contrastive and so is phonemic. Some arising predictably by rule in all analyses, and other long nasal vowels are of uncertain phonological status.

Placement of word stress is determined by metrical rules that define a characteristic iambic metrical foot, in which a weak syllable is followed by a strong syllable. Strong syllables that do not receive main stress are assigned at least secondary stress. In the Ottawa and Eastern Ojibwe dialects, all metrically weak vowels are deleted. The general grammatical characteristics of Ojibwe are shared across its dialects. The Ojibwe language is polysynthetic, exhibiting characteristics of synthesis and a high morpheme-to-word ratio. Word classes include nouns, verbs, grammatical particles, pronouns, preverbs, and prenouns.

Complex inflectional and derivational morphology play a central role in Ojibwe grammar. Nouns can be singular or plural in number and either animate or inanimate in gender. Ojibwe language is notable for its relative lack of borrowing from other languages. Instead, speakers far prefer to create words for new concepts from existing vocabulary. These new words vary from region to region, and occasionally from community to community. Like any language dialects spanning vast regions, some words that may have had identical meaning at one time have evolved to have different meanings today. Canada, but is used to specifically mean ‘saddle’ in the United States.

Cases like ‘battery’ and ‘coffee’ also demonstrate the often great difference between the literal meanings of the individual morphemes in a word, and the overall meaning of the entire word. Below are some examples of common Ojibwe words. There is no standard writing system used for all Ojibwe dialects. Local alphabets have been developed by adapting the Latin script, usually based on English or French orthography. A widely used Roman character-based writing system is the double vowel system devised by Charles Fiero. Although there is no standard orthography, the double vowel system is used by many Ojibwe language teachers because of its ease of use.