Mushroom biryani

On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. For use in food, see Edible mushroom. A mushroom or toadstool is the fleshy, spore-bearing fruiting body of a fungus, typically produced above ground, on soil, or on its food source. Mushroom biryani generally denotes one poisonous to humans.

Amanita muscaria, the most easily recognised “toadstool”, is frequently depicted in fairy stories and on greeting cards. It is often associated with gnomes. The terms “mushroom” and “toadstool” go back centuries and were never precisely defined, nor was there consensus on application. During the 15th and 16th centuries, the terms mushrom, mushrum, muscheron, mousheroms, mussheron, or musserouns were used.

Delineation between edible and poisonous fungi is not clear-cut, so a “mushroom” may be edible, poisonous, or unpalatable. Identifying what is and is not a mushroom requires a basic understanding of their macroscopic structure. Their spores, called basidiospores, are produced on the gills and fall in a fine rain of powder from under the caps as a result. While modern identification of mushrooms is quickly becoming molecular, the standard methods for identification are still used by most and have developed into a fine art harking back to medieval times and the Victorian era, combined with microscopic examination. In general, identification to genus can often be accomplished in the field using a local field guide.

Identification to species, however, requires more effort. A mushroom develops from a button stage into a mature structure, and only the latter can provide certain characteristics needed for the identification of the species. Typical mushrooms are the fruit bodies of members of the order Agaricales, whose type genus is Agaricus and type species is the field mushroom, Agaricus campestris. Other mushrooms are not gilled, so the term “mushroom” is loosely used, and giving a full account of their classifications is difficult.