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Brain tumor, breast cancer, colon cancer, congenital heart disease, heart arrhythmia. They often form on feet and toes or hands and fingers. If you’re healthy, you don’t need treatment for corns and calluses unless they cause pain or you don’t like how they look. For most people, simply removing the source of the friction or pressure makes corns and calluses disappear.

They can vary in size and shape and are rarely painful. Corns and calluses are not the same thing. Corns are smaller and deeper than calluses and have a hard center surrounded by swollen skin. They can be painful when pressed.

Hard corns often form on the top of the toes or the outer edge of the small toe. Soft corns tend to form between the toes. Calluses are rarely painful and tend to develop on pressure spots, such as the heels, the balls of the feet, the palms and the knees. They may vary in size and shape and are often larger than corns. If you have diabetes or poor blood flow, seek medical care before self-treating a corn or callus.

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If your shoes are loose, your foot may repeatedly slide and rub against the shoe. Your foot may also rub against a seam or stitch inside the shoe. Socks that don’t fit right can also be a problem. Wearing shoes and sandals without socks can cause friction on your feet. Playing instruments or using hand tools. Calluses on the hands may result from the repeated pressure of activities such as playing instruments and using hand tools or even a pen. Inheriting a tendency to develop corns.

Wear shoes that give your toes plenty of room. If you can’t wiggle your toes, your shoes are too tight. Have a shoe shop stretch your shoes at any point that rubs or pinches. Shop for shoes when your feet are most swollen, usually at the end of the day.

If you use orthotics and inserts, be sure to have them on while fitting your shoes at the store. Wear felt pads, nonmedicated corn pads or bandages over areas that rub against your footwear. You can also try toe separators or some lamb’s wool between your toes. Wear padded gloves when using hand tools. Or try padding your tool handles with cloth tape or covers. In: Andrews’ Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology.

Common foot problems: Over-the-counter treatments and home care. Overview of benign lesions of the skin. In: Mayo Clinic Family Health Book. Mayo Clinic does not endorse companies or products. Advertising revenue supports our not-for-profit mission. Mayo Clinic Press Check out these best-sellers and special offers on books and newsletters from Mayo Clinic Press. Mayo Clinic is a not-for-profit organization.