Cold stone coffee ice cream
On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from cold stone coffee ice cream article title. For the infectious disease, see Common cold.
An iceberg, which is commonly associated with cold. Goose bumps, a common physiological response to cold, aiming to reduce the loss of body heat in a cold environment. A photograph of the snow surface at Dome C Station, Antarctica a part of the notoriously cold Polar Plateau, it is representative of the majority of the continent’s surface. Cold is the presence of low temperature, especially in the atmosphere. In common usage, cold is often a subjective perception.
A lower bound to temperature is absolute zero, defined as 0. K on the Kelvin scale, an absolute thermodynamic temperature scale. F on the Fahrenheit scale, and 0. Since temperature relates to the thermal energy held by an object or a sample of matter, which is the kinetic energy of the random motion of the particle constituents of matter, an object will have less thermal energy when it is colder and more when it is hotter. Cooling refers to the process of becoming cold, or lowering in temperature. This could be accomplished by removing heat from a system, or exposing the system to an environment with a lower temperature. Coolants are fluids used to cool objects, prevent freezing and prevent erosion in machines.
Air cooling is the process of cooling an object by exposing it to air. This will only work if the air is at a lower temperature than the object, and the process can be enhanced by increasing the surface area, increasing the coolant flow rate, or decreasing the mass of the object. Another common method of cooling is exposing an object to ice, dry ice, or liquid nitrogen. Laser cooling and magnetic evaporative cooling are techniques used to reach very low temperatures. In ancient times, ice was not adopted for food preservation but used to cool wine which the Romans had also done.
According to Pliny, Emperor Nero invented the ice bucket to chill wines instead of adding it to wine to make it cold as it would dilute it. Some time around 1700 BC Zimri-Lim, king of Mari Kingdom in northwest Iraq had created an “icehouse” called bit shurpin at a location close to his capital city on the banks of the Euphrates. In the 7th century BC the Chinese had used icehouses to preserve vegetables and fruits. Shachtman says that in the 4th century AD, the brother of the Japanese emperor Nintoku gave him a gift of ice from a mountain.
