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Blood is the life fluid of the body as it provides nourishment to cells and tissues. Discover the cellular components of blood and their function. Regina Bailey is a board-certified registered nurse, science writer and educator. Her work has been featured in “Kaplan AP Biology” and “The Internet for Cellular and Molecular Biologists. The major components of blood include plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Plasma: This major constituent of blood comprises about 55 percent of blood volume. It consists of water with several different substances dissolved within.

Plasma contains salts, proteins, and blood cells. Plasma also transports nutrients, sugars, fats, hormones, gases, and waste material contained within blood. These cells determine blood type and are the most abundant cell type in the blood. Red blood cells have what is known as a biconcave shape. Both sides of the cell’s surface curve inward like the interior of a sphere.

This flexible disc shape helps to increase the surface area-to-volume ratio of these extremely small cells. These cells play an important role in the immune system and lymphatic system by defending the body against infection. These cell components are formed from pieces of cells found in the bone marrow called megakaryocytes. Fragments of the megakaryocytes circulate through the bloodstream and play a major role in clotting. When platelets encounter an injured blood vessel, they clump together to block the opening in the vessel. Blood cells are produced by bone marrow within the bone.

Blood pressure is the force at which blood exerts pressure against artery walls as it circulates throughout the body. Blood pressure is not constant and can fluctuate depending on various conditions. Nervousness, excitement, and increased activity are a few things that can influence blood pressure. Blood pressure levels also increase as we get older.

Abnormally high blood pressure, known as hypertension, can have serious consequences as it can lead to hardening of the arteries, kidney damage, and heart failure. Persons with elevated blood pressure often experience no symptoms. Elevated blood pressure that persists for the majority of the time can lead to increased risk for health issues. Blood type describes how blood is classified. Antigens help the body’s immune system to identify its own red blood cell group. Blood Groups and Red Cell Antigens .

Chapter 1, Blood and the cells it contains. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. What Are the Components of the Lymphatic System? Check out these retro videos from Encyclopedia Britannica’s archives. WTFact Britannica shares some of the most bizarre facts we can find. In Demystified, Britannica has all the answers to your burning questions.